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A Multi Media Filter is used to reduce the level of suspended solids in incoming feed water. Suspended solids may consist of small particles such as clay, grit, silt, organic matter and other microorganisms. Incoming feedwater with high suspended solids can cause a highpressuredrop and reduce the effectiveness of downstreamfiltration equipment such as reverse osmosismembranes and ion exchange beds.

A multimedia filter is suggested when the Silt Density Index (SDI) value is greater than 3 or when the turbidity is greater than 0.2 NTU. There is no hard and fast rule, but the above guidelines should be followed to prevent premature fouling of RO membranes.

A Multimedia Filter typically contains three layers of media consisting of anthracite Coal, sand and garnet, and at the bottom a supporting (no filtering) layer of gravel is provided. These are the Medias of choice because of the differences in size and density. The larger (however lighter) anthracite coal will be on top and the heavier (but smaller), garnet will remain on the bottom. The filter media arrangement allows the largest dirt articles to be removed near the top of the media bed with the smaller dirt particles being retained deeper and deeper in the media. This allows the entire bed to act as a filter allowing much longer filter run times between backwash and more efficient particulate removal.

A well operated Multimedia Filter can remove particulates down to 15-20 microns. A Multimedia Filter that uses a coagulant addition (which induces tiny particles to join together to form particles large enough to be filtered) can remove particulates down to 5-10 microns. To compare, the width of a human hair is around 50 microns.

The ideal service flow for a Multi Media Filter is between 3¬‐7 gallons per minute per square foot. Higher flow rates can prevent particles from adhering to the media granules or can dislodge particles that were previously retained.

As the Multi Media Filter removes turbidity from the incoming feed water, eventually the filter will display a high pressure drop across the bed and/or increased turbidity levels coming from the Multi Media Filter. As a result, a backwash is required on the Multi Media Filter to clean the bed.

The backwash should be performed when the pressure differential (delta‐P) reaches 10 psi (above clean) across the bed or when the effluent turbidity increases by 10%. A normal pressure drop across a ‘clean’ Multi Media Filter ranges from 3¬‐7 psi, so this needs to be taken into consideration before initiating a backwash. A backwash is performed by reversing the flow of water through the Multi Media Filter bed to remove the suspended solids that are trapped in the bed. The entire Multi Media Filter bed will loosen and lift during the backwash, which allows the suspended solids to exit out of the top of the vessel along with the backwash water.The supporting gravel will not lift and helps distribute the backwash flow evenly throughout the bed.

The ideal backwash rate is 12¬‐15 gpm/sq ft. which is enough to lift the media bed sufficiently without forcing any media out of the top of the filter. Most filters maintains the flow rate with a flow restrictor on the backwash outlet.This is important with seasonal fluctuations in water temperature, as colder water is more viscous and lifts the bed higher with less low, which can result in losing media out of the top during backwash.

After backwash, the bed is allowed to settle and re‐stratify before a final rinse and then it is placed back into service. The jagged edges of the sand and other media can become rounded over time and therefore reduce their filtration ability after many years of service and should be replaced eventually.

These are filtration materials used for turbidity and SS removal. Since the specific gravity is lighter than that of Filter Sand, it is much used in combination with Filter Sand in dual-media filtration, to consist reverse grain layers after backwashing. In addition, because of high content carbon of this product, it has high resistance to various chemicals and high strength so that it is widely used mainly in city and industrial water purification.

Features

• 1. High resistance to chemicals
• 2. Easy change from single-medium filtration (by use of Filter Sand) to dual-media filtration.
• 3. High void percentage and greater removal capacity of turbidity and SS.
• 4. Micro-flocs growing easily
• 5. Being used as a carrier for bio film treatment.

Hard water is softened by removing the calcium and magnesium. When hard water passes through the softening system's resin bed, the calcium and magnesium ions are removed through an ion exchange process, removing the hardness and only softened water passes through to your home. Once the resin bed fills up with hardness ions, it must be regenerated (cleaned). Salt is typically used in the regeneration process and restores the resin to a "clean" state so the ion exchange process can be started again.From multi-tank systems powered by the energy of moving water to a more traditional approach, Oceanic covers all your options. Oceanic water expert will work with you to choose the water softener that's perfect for you.

In water purification, ion-exchange is a reversible process and rapid in which impure ions present are replaced by ions released by an ion-exchange resin. The impure ions are taken up by the resin, which must be regenerated periodically to restore this back to the original ionic form. There are three ways in which ion-exchange technology can be used in water treatment and purification: first, cation-exchange resins alone can be employed to soften water by base exchange; secondly, anion-exchange resins alone can be used for organic scavenging or nitrate removal; and thirdly, combinations of cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins can be used to remove virtually all the ionic impurities present in the water, a process which is better known as deionization. Deionizers purification process results in an exceptionally high quality of water.

For many industrial applications and laboratory purposes, high-purity water which is essentially free from ionic contaminants is a must. Water of such high quality can be produced by deionization.The two most common types of deionization are:

The two-bed deionizer consists of dual vessels –first one, containing a cation-exchange resin in the hydrogen (H+) form and the second one, containing an anion resin in the hydroxyl (OH-) form. Water flows through the cation vessel, where all the cations are exchanged for hydrogen ions.To keep the water electrically balanced, for every monovalent cation, e.g. Na+, one hydrogen ion is exchanged and for every divalent cation, e.g. Ca2+, or Mg2+, two hydrogen ions are exchanged. The same principle applies when considering anion-exchange. The decationised water then flows through the anion vessel. This time, all the negatively charged ions are exchanged for hydroxide ions which then combine with the hydrogen ions to form water (H2O).

Media filtration is the process of removing solids from water by passing it through a porous filter media such as sand, anthracite, Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) or a combination. Multi-media water filters typically utilize three layers of media for multimedia filtration: anthracite, sand and garnet. These media are often chosen for use in multi media filters due to the distinct differences in their densities. Anthracite is the lightest filtration media per unit volume, followed by sand, and then garnet.

In mixed-bed deionization the cation-exchange and anion-exchange resins are mixed and contained within a single pressure vessel. The thorough mixture of cation-exchange and anion-exchangewithin a single vessel then makes a mixed-bed deionizer equivalent to a lengthy series of two-bed plants. As a result, the water quality obtained from a mixed-bed deionizer is appreciably higher than that produced by a two-bed plant. Although more efficient in purifying the incoming water, mixed-bed plants are more sensitive to impurities and involve a more complicated regeneration process. Mixed-bed deionizers are normally used to ‘polish’ the water to higher levels of purity after it has been initially treated by either a two-bed deionizer or a reverse osmosis unit.

Electrodeionization Systems remove ions from aqueous streams, typically in conjunction with reverse osmosis (RO) and other purification devices. Our high-quality deionization modules continually produce ultrapure water up to 18.2MW/cm.

Media filtration is the process of removing solids from water by passing it through a porous filter media such as sand, anthracite, Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) or a combination. Multi-media water filters typically utilize three layers of media for multimedia filtration: anthracite, sand and garnet. These media are often chosen for use in multi media filters due to the distinct differences in their densities. Anthracite is the lightest filtration media per unit volume, followed by sand, and then garnet.

Demineralization Filters will help to prevent white dust by removing calcification and other impurities in the water. These are generally, recommended for the users with hard water.

Theseare specially designed for residential applications and are economical and highly effective in reducing total dissolved solids and eliminating pathogens. The system involves filtration pretreatment process for education of total suspended solids and elimination of color, odor, taste, viruses and bacteria to get a healthy water.

Ultraviolet water sterilization systems use UV light to produce purified water for the use. UV disinfection is cost-effective and eco-friendly to remove 99.99% of harmful waterborne microorganisms and keeping all the minerals, without adding or taking anything away from water.

This system uses an ozone generator in combination with an air pump to continuously aerate your water tank with tiny ozone saturated bubbles which oxidize and clean many of the impurities in the incoming feedwater. These ozone saturated bubbles also provide the pumping action to constantly circulate and filter the entire contents of the tank at the rate of about 10 gallons per minute (600 gallons per hour over 14,000 gallons per day). The result is highly refreshing, delicious andappreciably high quality water.

Reverse osmosis is the finest level of filtration which is available. The RO membrane acts as a barrier to all dissolved salts and inorganic molecules, as well as organic molecules with a molecular weight greater than approximately 100. Water molecules, on the other hand, pass through the membrane creating a purified product stream. Rejection of dissolved salts is typically between 95% - 99%. The applications for RO are numerous, and include desalination of seawater or brackish water for drinking purposes, food and beverage processing, wastewater recovery,biomedical separations, purification of residential drinking water and industrial process water.

Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater, primarily from household sewage. It includes chemical, physical and biological processes to remove the contaminants and produce safer, treated wastewater. A by-product of sewage treatment is usually a semi-solid waste called sewage sludge that has to further undergo treatment before being suitable for disposal.

Effluent treatment plant or Industrial wastewater treatment plant covers the mechanisms and processes used to treat wastewater that is produced as a by-product of industrial or commercial activities. After treatment, the treated industrial wastewater (or effluent) may be reused or released to a sanitary sewer or to a surface water in the environment.